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【】notsubjeesyoluldbe readindifferentdialectsorevenlanguages,asthesignofthe rossuldbepronounrossinenglishandcroixinfrench. thishasaveryclosebearingoyofeseculturethroughouttheold eire.reiortantthanthat,theuseofthetersdethereadingofthe nfuspossibleafterthelapseofathousandyears.theideathatthe nfusuldhavebeeunreadableihturyofourerais extrelyintriguing,aetedtoothe trendousrespehadthathappened. actually,theesetersuhe buingofbooksbyshihhuang,andtodaynfuscholarsaresplitinto tps,onebelievinginthetextsin”ascripts”e,aher believinginthe”descripts”hholarswho hadttedtheory,andsurvivedtheshortliveddynasty. heless,frohattionhereisantinuityofing,h aparativelyuniortantevolutionoffor,ustlargelyatforthe hypnotids. istrueoftheeeraryheritage, especiallythatingafterthehandays.aeseschoolboyanreadan authorofahundredyearsagould,bythatverytraining,readhethirteenth, tenthorsehatadeartistappreciate thevenusdeloeeaseasheappreciatesrodin.heinfluenceof theheritagehavebeensopoindhavebeenso ivea,hadthatpastbeenlessreadilyuood onewonders. yetinanotherheuseofthetershelpedinthecreationofafairlystable literarylanguage,quitedifferentfrohespokenlanguage,andrathertoodifficultfor theaveragesaster.iripturallythe gesandidioofalivinglanguage,thelanguageofbols,bybeing lessdepeuponsounds,aandgraar.itdid nothavetoobeythelae,ithaditslawsof strusulatedbyliteraryactsfrohe etohaveanindeperealityofitsown, subjectreorlesstoliteraryfashions. astion,thisdiscrepaheliterarylanguageandtheliving languageoftheagebecagreateraer,untiltodaythestudyofthea languageis,inpointofpsyilartothe leaingofafntoheesepeople.thelawsofordinary senteructuredifferbetheliteraryandthespokenlanguage,sothatone oterelysubstitutiainawordsfor thedeplephraselikethreeouncessilvershouldbesyntaally gedintosilverthreeoundodeesesayneversaw it}9theaidioequiresthenstrusaheausativeobject beingregularlyplaodeese sitthesaidiotidersaswhenenglish schoolboyssayjevoisvousinleaingfrench.justasinleaingafnlanguage averyextensiveacquaintahatlanguageisnecessarybeforeonereally stertheordinaryidio,sointhepraeofingaese,yearsoforal repetitionandreadingofsterpieienyearsarerequiredbeforeone efairlypresentableaese.andjustasveryfeceedin reallysteringafnlanguagesoiyveryfeholarssueed inatiost ofushavetoputupnd easilyenough,butue. theuseoftheentpossiblereover,the independensoulyaelerateditsnosyllabicquality. actually,bisyllabichespokenlanguageberepresentedbya nosyllabiakesthe aningalreadyquiteclear.thus,inthespokenlanguagelao hu”oldtiger”todistingui**aurallyfrodozenothera,butining,the uchre nosyllabithespokenlanguage,sisbasisisvisualandnotaural. frohisextrenosyllabishendevelopedaretersenessofstyle, itatedinthespokenlanguagehouttheriskofunintelligibility, butheteristicbeautyofeseliterature.thusinawehavea treofexaetre,sayingprobablyas chastheenglish language,orinanyspokenlanguage.yof yleoitsfi nuansoundvalueandissurcharged,asiteaning.aseticulous poets,eseasteryofthis earesteryintheeofearosea literarytraditionforngeasocialtraditionandfinallya ntalhabitoftheese. thensequentdiffiitationoflitera a,itationofliteratugedthe ionofesesocietyandthe ...