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【】ling. psyyarehiddenall thenoteand zoologyinthephilosophydivisionorscellaneousrerdsiory divisionaorespecializednatureoftheiotes,but, thenotebooks ieraturedivisioninspiritandteique. esescholarshavebrieflythreelinesinodeveloptheirpeculiargenius: realscholarlyresearaldidadliteratureinthealsense,and ayaglyclassifyesescholarsintothethreetypes,scholars,thegentry, andinationsis sodifferentthattherestbeanearlyebethetherehujen, ordidateofthesendrank,he ”thirteennfuclassidthereanyleaedscholarsheir lifeuldnothaveinations. butthespiritofoldesescholarshipirable.thebestofthescholars rrespohestisttypeofeurope,estificdevotiontoleaingandityfery,althoughoftenhoutthestificteique, andtheirheelucidityofstyleareasoning.for oldeantiensedrudgery,aprodigiousleaing andanalstsuperhunry,depossibleonlybyalifeloionto leaing.thereainoushistory froeginningtoend,fornhadtotrusttohisstoreof ry.infact,easilylocatedknohuldbefoundinany enlopaediaherlookeddoneed enlopaedias.anysulopaediasinfleshandblood. andafterall,etodiggingupinalsouratterintheold sontsnoticeorafteringawhole day.theenglishnobilityusedtospenda,anddidnot enjoyittheless,aentiing”their ga,thesadisappointntafterfindingaredherringandthesajoyhey hadtraonuntaledby individualsatuanlinorgghiao,orthe etylogientaryoftuan yiitsai.inthebeginningofthenchuperiod,thescholarkuyenh oneseculturalgeography,usedtotravelhthreecartsofbooks,and aterialevidencesorntradigstories froldpeoplefroellectedfirsthanddata,heinhis books.suchquestforknothelaboursof estists.thereainfieldsineseleainghofferedan opportunityforpainstakinganddisciplinedresearhfieldsance, theevolutionoftheesescriptshuohehistoryofesesounds,the endationofanquotations,thestudyof anonials,artureandstus,theverificationof nasofanilsandfishesinthes,thestudyofbrooneandbone ihehistoryofthengoldynasty.others hadastheirhobbiestheanas,the bookofgesyiking,sungphilosophylihsiiefi,historyofesepainting, anuchdepehe teaicstudiesof theperiod.intheddleofthenholarship hadreacheditssuit,thereedinthehuangggchiehandshu huangggchiehaboutfourhundredooverathousand volus,nsistingofselyspeilar innatureandspirittothedoodeuies,onlyha turersugeryearsoflabour,oneofhiknow tooktheauthorthirtyyears. iv.thellege buttruestistsareasrareinaastheyareiheotherhand,we haveasnypoliticaldidatesasthereareph.d.sinariwhoneeda raheiroherpeoplesrespect.perhapstheeseofficial eripass anexanationeansnoreorlessthanthatthedidatehasdonea therank forpurelyrhavereceivedaneducationh totallyunfitstheoranythingexceptthehandlingofbooksandthepeddlingof knowledge. theeseph.d.s,ho.therewere aalents,ookthesedegreesfooearthlyreasohefun andeaseoftakingtheandbedveryhigh,reagthelaststageof ierialexanations,beingashihorhanlintheseagistrates orbeajorityoftheunkinthefirstor sendgrades,calledhsiutsaib.a.andchiijena.respectively.stillagreater jorityneverreachedeventhefirstgrade,andtheyhe”students”or atureagefedbytheirdistricts froffiunicipalfoundations,andthesesedirysidelikeso nyuneloyed. angthefirstte sasters,ethe”localgentry.”theyateur lasforaliving,hth ...